Ask the Mask Man

Send your photos and description to bob.Ibold@verizon.net. If I can't tell you exactly what it is, hopefully someone will  email an opinion. No appraisals, however I will alert you if i think your mask is of high value.

	Q: There is a label attached that says – dance of the Christians & Moors, Guerrero, a “boss” c. 1870,  Mexico origin,  contents wood. Could you tell me what else you know about this mask?  Robert, 5-27-10   11
	A: Guerrero, Mexico, is most likely where this piece was carved. Colorful pieces like these are made to be sold as souvenirs and are purely decorative.

Q:  I recognized the Hannya mask when I first saw it at the thrift store. The Hannya and Shikami appear to be made by the same artisan and I’m guessing are from the latter half of the 20th century.  The carved inscription inside is the same for both. I think all three are made out of wood. The older Karura mask is very large and has a label inside with Japanese writing. I realize there are lots of fakes and reproductions out there. Are these authentic?  Kelli, 6-9-10   12

A: I go to thrift shops, low-end antique stores and small sales all the time and usually don't do this well. You have named them correctly, and someone who reads Japanese can tell you who made them. Identifying age and material is more difficult. My guess is that they were molded out of wood or paper composite and are less than 50 years old. You should know that used, carved wood masks like yours would be almost impossible to find and end up in museums or wealthy homes.

 

Q: I saw this mask throughout Tamil Nadu, India. There were several that I did not photograph.  The features, dark mustache, earrings, shiva stripes, fangs and horn, tongue with scorpion, and wild eyes all seem to be from a tradition of fanged demons throughout Southern Asia and Indonesia. I think this character may be related to an asura like Duryodhana, Ravana or Mahishasura. Perhaps it is intended to ward off evil and is placed on buildings and construction sites.  Julian, 6-6-10   13

A:  I've tried a number of sources and am unable to indentify this. If someone out there can help, I will post the answer.

This mask you see often in Tamil Nadu has nothing to do with any historical or mythological Indian character , it is purely to evade evil eye. Mostly you see it outside construction sites and new buildings for good luck.
Sundar, 5-19-11

	Q:  I am doing some research on headdresses and masks in two Edward S. Curtis photographs we have here in the National Gallery's permanent collection.  What sorts of ceremonies would they have been used for and what would they have signified to the native coastal people.  C.H., 6-10-10   14
	A: I'm a generalist, not an expert in any particular culture. I might be able to identify the mask NWC Salish, but no more. You should try a specialist in Indian art, perhaps at a museum in Vancouver or Victoria. Best of luck with your research.

As a painter, I am drawn to the visual aspects of masks. This Balinese monkey and leather Mexican were bought 20 years ago. Please comment.  David, 6-17-10  15

Your monkey could be used as a clown character in the Topeng dance drama, but because it has been antiqued I suspect it was made for tourist trade. Formed leather Mexican masks are rare, and the few I have seen were painted. Without paint the sculptural qualities are emphasized. Both are very nice looking.


I'm attaching a photo of a Frog Mask I've had for many years. 
I'm curious as to whether this is Haida, Tinghit or what. It is old, but I don't know how old.  As I recall, it isn't signed. I also have a crying sun mask signed by Chief Leluska, authenticity verified by his family.  Any idea what an item like that would be
worth today?  Fin, 6-20-10   16

I would guess that the first mask is a Tlingit shaman's from Northern British Columbia. For more info you should consult a specialist in NWC artifacts. Your pic of the crying sun mask looks even better. "Ask the Mask Man" is not for appraisals, but if authentic, this piece is worth a lot of money. My only caveat is that beautiful NWC masks are frequently copied, many coming from Indonesia where skilled carvers abound.

Q: I found the attached mask at a local antique show recently. I was impressed with the quality of the carving but don't know where it is from. What do you think?  Howard, 6-21-10   17
A: This could be a Garuda mask from Bhutan or Arunachal Pradesh. It is beautifully carved, has nice color, pleasant patina, and certainly looks authentic... definitely a keeper.

	Q:  I am wondering if you can determine if it is indeed a Lumbu Punu mask and if so, what would be a general gallery price for insurance purposes just off the top of your head? I was told the second mask was an ultra rare Nyamwezi mask.  William, 6-30-10
	A: Your Punu/Lumbu maiden mask has a simpler hairdo than most, but it is traditional in style and could not be from any other culture. It has a rough, used look that collectors often like. The one you were told was Nyamwezi could be from somewhere in Tanzania, but that dot pattern also reminds me of the Upper Congo region. Maybe someone who specializes in African masks will tell us more.

Q: I have recently acquired a mask which has a tag attached that reads "Mask- Imbrando, New Guinea Primitive Arts Sydney." It measures 51cm and there are 6 holes at the top of the nose. I am in Australia and would appreciate any help you can provide.  Angela, 6-30-10   19
A: This is a spirit mask from the Lower Sepik Region of Papua New Guinea. It is a bit smaller than most, simple in design and, in my opinion, quite handsome. The holes in the nose may be for some kind of attachments. I'm also going to guess that Imbrando is the village from which it came.

I picked these masks in a thrift store.  One has a catalog number and indicates Jakarta as the origin, but there's a couple of others that look African.  I'd like to hear what you think of these two?  Miles, 7-1-10   20

Your two masks are indeed from Indonesia. The second one is from somewhere on the big island of Java. The first one is from Bali, the next island to the east. If you can detect a final coat of slightly darkened varnish, the mask was made for the tourist trade. We call this "antiquing." Of course, I can't see it on a 72-dpi scan.

I recently purchased this mask at an estate sale. Could you please share any information and place a value on it. I try and purchase items that appeal to me and sell them for income.  Noreen, 7-1-10   21

Thanks for sending the pics of your nice looking mask. It is called a Mwana Pwo-- a popular mask from the Chokwe people of Angola, West Africa. Sorry, but I don't do appraisals on this blog.

	Q:  I am stumped on this mask. Written on tape on back says possibly Iroquois, New York, 1931, but I don't think so.  Any thoughts by anyone would be appreciated. Tom, 7-2-10
	A: I have done some research on your mask and found nothing helpful. There is a good chance it is an older, used Iroquois false face mask. If so, it is quite valuable. Send the photos to a few experts on Native American artifacts... and please let me know the results.

Q: I have 2 masks that are authentic and come from Bangkok.  The top one is labeled "serrengi" and the other "barong bangkal."   Debbie, 7-4-10   23
A: Perhaps these masks were purchased in Bangkok, but they are from Bali-- and island almost 2000 miles southeast. I know the lower pic is correctly labeled as the boar mask, a famous protector spirit paraded on village holidays. I'm not familiar with the Serrengi. Both are painted very stylishly by the same carver.

	Q:  Attached are photos of a mask and a carved figure acquired at an auction.  We were told they came from southeast Asia or the Pacific islands.  The mask is made of light porous wood and is 10-1/2" high.  Keith, 7-4-10   24
	A: The mask is probably Igbo, Nigeria. Whether they are truly used or made to look old for the tourist trade should be questioned. Your other large piece is an Abelam ancestor figure from Papua New Guinea.

Q: I bought a mask yesterday from an import shop. They said it was by Eduardo Cayo from whom they purchased it in Otavalo, Ecuador.   Dean, 7-5-10   25
A: The highland Indians of Ecuador are culturally similar to those along the entire length of South America's western edge. The monkey character always shows up in their dance traditions. Of course, the Ecuadorian style (hardwood, round holes for the eyes, more emphasis on animals and clowns, etc.) is unique.

	Q:  This Mexican mask I collected in 1967 in Taxco is a decorative. Do they make them the same now and are they worth keeping or selling?  Sharon, 7-14-10   26
	A: I'm so glad you asked. They've been making these wonderful tin masks in Taxco for years. Most are not as interesting as yours, but I'll bet tourists with a good eye can still find nice ones. Please check out my decoratives in "Mexican collection." Scroll all the way down.

Can you identify these masks I  purchased recently? Most of the collection consisted of Mexican Retablos and Santos. Johnny, 7-14-10   27

These appear to be Xantolo masks from the state of Hidalgo, but the mystery is not solved. Why are they so similar in design and surface condition? Why were there no other masks? I don't think they were done by the same carver. Determining the age of a mask purchased without provenance is usually impossible. They get beat up from rough usage and sometimes are damaged by insects and rot. Serious aging can happen fast in rural Mexico.
 

Q: At first I thought it was the head from a carousel animal, but my reading suggests that is not likely. It is solid, but with a hole in the neck area, presumably for its original connection.  Dave,  7-14-10   28
A: Your head looks Indian to me. Could be from somewhere else in that part of the world (SE Asia). Certainly not Mexico or Africa. Could have been paraded at a religious celebration, a marker of some sort, a puppets head-- frankly, I don't know.

Please tell me more about this group of masks.  Cindy, 7-14-10   29

All of your masks are decoratives-- the first from Mexico and the rest from Guatemala. Check out what I said to Sharon three posts back.

My husband received 3 masks as gifts many years ago when he visited Guatemala. Back of the first one is marked inside J.C. and second one shows MI in a black circle.  Regitze, 7-14-10   30

These are also Guatemalan, but of better quality than the one above. From your description I'd say they have moreria marks on the inside which means they were rented to villagers for use at local celebrations. The morerias also rent costumes.
 

	Q:  I am hopeful you can give me some guidance and information on five masks I have inherited. I would like the masks' types, ethnicities and possible value of each.  Melissa, 7-14-10   31
	A: Your first mask is from Mexico and has armadillo skin and pig bristle tacked on. Others of this type utilize different types of animal pelts. All are made in So-coastal Oaxaca for the tourist trade and are easy to find in markets and shops.

Q: I bought this mask from a yard sale and the owner didn't know anything about it. I hope you can identify this mask for me.  jwg, 7-14-10   32
A: It is a large Garuda Raksha mask from Sri Lanka. If you go to the India section of my website you'll see one like it and can learn a bit more. These masks are spectacular.

 I am renovating an old building. I found a wooden box that looks like it was made to for these 10 masks. They're in real good shape, maybe never used.  Steve, 7-23-10

These two (and the eight others) are pristine examples of the Odd Fellow's ceremonial masks meant for fraternal ritual. It's almost a complete set, though Goliath and a few others are missing. There are several companies that made these painted window-screen masks for the Order. See any labels? Check the history of the building.
 

	Q:  I purchased this mask from a dealer in one of the Caribbean Islands.  Dave, 7-23-10   34
	A:Who would have thought you'd find a Mayo pascola mask from Sonora,  Northern Mexico down there? You can see several of these on the thumbnail page for Mexico.

Q: l believe this is a West African statue for hanging on wall. Any thoughts as to what tribe it comes from? It was purchased in the early fifties on a trip to Africa by some relatives.  Geoffrey, 7-27-10   35
A: Actually, it's not an African mask. They are called bilum hooks and are used in Northern Papua New Guinea for hanging baskets of food from the walls or rafters. Like the masks from that area, they are well decorated.

	Q: The friend from whom I inherited this was an archeologist who went on many digs in Columbia. The mask was included with his pre-Columbian pottery. Would you know the culture and time from which it came and if it has value or is this just touristy stuff?  Michael, 7-27-10   36
	A: Your cute little demon looks like it was carved by Ecuadorian Indians who live in the mountain range that continues up into Colombia. Your friend might have found this at a market in SE Colombia, or even a shop in Cali or Bogota.  It is not a preColumbian artifact.

Q: Here is a large Mystery Masks I have picked up. Thanks for any info you have.   Karen, 7-29-10   37
A: There are some outstanding master carvers in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, a few of whom do beautiful carvings like this. It's meant for the Tejorones dance in a coastal Mixtec village. The colors are faded and ears are missing, but I still love it.

	Q: A short history on what the mask was used for would be greatly appreciated.  Nathanael, 7-31-10   38
	A: Masks with long, curly beards have been popular with tourists and collectors for at least 50 years. There's one just like this on page 13 of Mexican Masks by Cordry. He thought they were used in the Dance of the Marquez, but they are purely decorative.

Q:  The story goes that this mask was from one of our great-great grandfathers who took an Indian princess as his wife, whose father was also a great medicine man. Since then it has been passed down through the family to me.  Arnaldo, 8-1-10
A: What a spectacular mask! Probably made in the 1970's, it is another decorative (see above mask) made for sale to wealthy tourists. As a Mexican, you should be proud of this very artistic, difficult to carve piece... even though the story is fictional.

	Q: In Cusco, Peru a few years ago I saw their Corpus Christi celebration.  I loved their costumes, especially the masks.  Since my trip, I have been looking for a waq'ollo mask to purchase, but I am having a very hard time finding anything on-line.  8-12-10   40
	A: The woven masks of Peru are striking and almost impossible for collectors to find. This doesn't make sense. Cuzco has lots of religious festivals, carnivals, and private celebrations where masks are worn. Many characters are portrayed utilizing different materials and styles of construction. Let's keep looking for them!

Q:   What can you tell me about this mask?  8-12-10
A: It is a popular Mexican decorative. They are always small, simple faces with sculptural attachments. Most common is a long snake coming out of the nose. Wish I could tell you the town or state where they are made.                                  Thank you!

	Q:As you see from the eBay thread linked, I've been told this mask could be from Europe, Africa, India, Mexico... I'd love your thoughts. Judith, 8-17-10   42
	A: It is a Moor mask from Michoacan (or Guerrero), Mexico. I would guess made for sale to tourists, but I have not seen one quite the same. The mask's surface seems to have been antiqued, which carvers assume will enhance its worth to tourists and collectors.

Q:   The mask is only 6.5 inches high. The areas around the nose, chin and eyes seem to have been handled quite a bit since the wood is rubbed in those spots.  Brian, 8-18-10   43
A: Could be a Xantolo from Hidalgo, Mexico. In Huastec villages supplicants wearing these little masks go door to door during the Day of the Dead celebration. A nice addition to any collection of Mexican masks.

	Q: In 2000, my husband and I were working in the Dominican Republic.  When we were leaving, a Peace Corp woman we had befriended presented us with a mask as a going away gift. It's lovely, but we simply have no room for it.  Lynn, 8-20-10   44
	A: An excellent example of a modern Lechones or Devil mask, this was made to be paraded during Carnival time in Santiago. The style is difficult to make and found only in the D.R. It would make a splendid addition to any Caribbean or world folk art collection.

Q: One may be from the cross river region and the other, anywhere in Africa. Grant, 8-21-10   45
A:  I like to imaging being an expert on masks, but sometimes people send in pictures I can't identify. For instance, both of these baffle me as to region or intended usage. Now you know why I wear a mask!

	Q: It looks similar to a Chokwe Mwana Pwo but the shape and some details are unusual. At the same time it doesn't look like a a tourist piece and has traces of use.  Oleg, 8-25-10   46
	A: It's a Mwana Pwo from Angola that is missing the fiber hairpiece which would make it more "usual." Let's don't be too sure about usage. I see signs of several brushed-on coatings of light stain. Also, look at the holes. Were they done with a mechanical drill and then darkened on the inside? Your photos were excellent, but I still could be wrong on this.

Q:  Mask on right appears to be carved from a very light wood like balsa. It may have a layer of plaster like material over the top. There is a long horse hair beard in plugs across the bottom. Mask on left is carved from a heavier wood and the paint is worn.  Ken, 8-27-10   47
A: The one on the right is a common Mexican decorative. Tourist love when some weird creature is superimposed on a face. The one on the left is from nearby Guatemala and may also be decorative.

	Q: My mother thinks that Dad brought it back from one of his travels to Kenya or Tanzania back in the seventies. We find it an elegant mask and would like to know the age.  Antje, 9-1-10
	A: Your elegant African mask is made in the Fang style. The Fang live in Cameroon rather than Kenya or Tanzania. It was intended as a decoration and could have been carved anywhere on the continent. I would guess it was made shortly before your dad bought it.

Q:  You have helped me before to identify masks that I pick up at auctions. Here is another one.  Patricia, 9-1-10   49
A: I have never seen one that looks much like this. (The little photo doesn't show its articulated jaw.) My guess is that it is from somewhere in Nigeria or Cameroon. So West Central Africa is about as close as I can get.

	Q: I bought this professional dance mask made by the master-carver I. B. Anom it in 1988.  Alisa, 9-2-10   50
	A: With this close-up I want our viewers to get an idea of the incredible skill some Balinese carvers bring to the art of mask-making. The mask is finished with many coats of paint and great attention to detail. In my opinion, only the finest Japanese Noh masks can rival them in quality.

Q: I was told that my father purchased some African masks in Paris shortly after WWII. Someone else said it was a Haida object but it doesn't look like any Haida objects I found on the web.  Einar, 9-5-10    52
A: My wild guess would be that it's from Arunachal Pradesh or Bhutan. Please don't bet the farm on that. This is not an easy one for me to identify.
 

	Q: I recently bought a collection of Mexican masks from a very good friend.  30 years ago she bought them from a man who was a museum curator. They are all at least 40 years old and some older. Diane, 9-7-10    54
	A: I arbitrarily picked this old Carnival mask from Hidalgo, Mexico to represent your excellent collection of 20. Not only are they authentic used masks, but the original collector had a strong interest in color, and a willingness to buy examples that deviate from regional traditions. Very cool!

Q: Here is the other mask for you to look at and use if you want to post on your site.  Alisa, 9-7-10    55
A: In the Bali & Java section of this site you will see a large variety of traditional character masks used in the Indonesian dance dramas. This beautiful mask is not traditional and was made to be a decorative wall hanging. The talented carver would also do masks for professional dancers.

	Q: I purchased these two masks in Mexico about 35 years ago. Leta, 9-8-10    56
	A: Cordry's famous book, Mexican Masks, calls this a Barbones from the Dance of the Marquez. He was wrong. It is a decorative that became very popular with tourists after the book was published in 1980. These masks are beautifully carved and used to fetch high prices.

Q: I inherited this mask from my ex-boyfriend. He told me it is from Guerrero, Mexico and 150 years old. Christine, 9-9-10   57
A: Your colorful, large and heavy devil mask is indeed Mexican. I would guess it is from Guanajuato and about 30 years old, based on the excellent scans you sent me. So what's a few hundred miles and years?

	Q: I purchased a mystery mask that has some geisha/sumo characteristics but I didn't find anything resembling it when I search Japanese masks. Could have been made for sale but I got a feeling it is not a tourist thing.  Susanne, 9-12-10   58
	A: The Okuyi, or maiden spirit mask, has always been popular with Western collectors of African art because it looks so Japanese. It comes from the Punu culture of Gabon. If you had bought this with bullet-proof provenance it would have been over $10,000. You'll find plenty of information on the web about these beautiful masks.

Q: I tried to identify this mask I found at a Goodwill store awhile back.  Joe, 9-17-10   60
A: The mask is Mexican and is called a Barbones (bearded one). Known as a decorative by collectors, these masks are made for sale and may or may not portray a character from a traditional dance. They usually look great on the wall and are quite popular at markets and shops.

	Q: This mask measures 15 inches tall. The tongue looks to be attached by a tiny nail which does allow some movement of it back and forth.  Julie, 9-20-10   61
	A: It's a Buddhist protector mask from Bhutan, or maybe Tibet. I I wish people could see your large scans, especially the back. This is authentic folk art, not something made for sale to tourists. Very nice piece that any collector would appreciate.

Q: Unfortunately none of the kids cared much about our parents' travels and the treasures they brought home. This stone (turquoise?) mask is 9.5 x 6.8 in.  Marianne, 9-27-10  62
A: Pre-Columbian artifacts are hard for a non-specialist like me to identify or authenticate over the internet. I think this mask is a little weak in sculptural quality, but the beautifully veined stone is stunning. (A collector wrote in that it is a fake.)

	Q: It is some kind of animal carved in wood-- 11 inches tall, dark brown in color, the eyes are painted, and there is some red coloring here and there. Julie, 9-26-10    63
	A: You've scored again! This is quite a nice piece, especially for serious collectors of Balinese masks. It's a Barong Kambling (goat), one of the rarer protective animal spirits of villages. The boar mask is the one we see most often.

Q: Could you tell me anything about the mask I purchased at a Goodwill, of all places?  Paula, 9-26-10   64
A: I've noticed more of these in recent years. The look is very tribal and the hair is even better. I believe they are from somewhere in Indonesia and are made primarily for the tourist trade. You could wear it or use as decorative art.

	Q: Would you be so kind to give your view on the two masks(origin/characters/dance) I bought together and guess are from Mexico.  Hans, 10-5-10   65
	A: They are excellent Mexican masks, well used, interesting, but not by the same carver nor necessarily the same place. They could be Moros, Viejos, or one of several other characters, depending on region and dance. The problem is that neither are typical in style.

Q: Could you enlighten me on this Oceanic mask. I have tried several times to locate info on the web....to no avail.  Mickey,  10-14-10    66
A: Your wonderful helmet mask is from New Guinea, and regardless of whether it was made for sale or usage, most collectors would love it. An expert just told me it looks Abelam in style, but that he is not aware of them using helmet masks.

	Q: We have a small collection of masks from Puerto Rico. Our favorite was done by Felix Vazquez. Do you have any more information on him or this mask?  Suzanne, 10-14-10   67
	A: It is a Vejigante from Ponce. However, the style is different from any I've seen. Quite adventuresome-- I would think any serious collector of Puerto Rican masks should have an example of Vazquez's excellent work.

Q:  I would like to sell these masks on the West Coast where I live, but I don't know who to contact and how to go about it.  Pam, 10-16-10   68
A: These are what we collectors call airport art-- decorative accessories that are based on African themes. They can be handsome, and are usually affordable. An authentic African mask costs $1000 and up! Many decorative masks are sold on eBay.

	Q: Here's  a strange devil mask that shows a lot of usage. According to the previous owner it came from Mexico, where he had bought it some 40 years ago.  Patrick, 10-27-10   69
	A: Your masks is a very unusual Diablo from Guerrero, Mexico. I have never seen a devil mask with just one horn. If it's authenticity could be confirmed by an expert, serious collectors would want to have it, but I wonder why this old and weathered mask has such new looking facial hair.

Q:  My father moved to an assisted living facility, and we are in the process of accessing his collection. This particular mask was marked as coming from Zululand.  Lynn, 10-27-10   70
A: The Zulu of South Africa do not have a tradition of masquerade, but they make lots of beautiful objects for sale to tourists. This would explain why I can't associate it with any African tradition. The other five are more common forms of  tourist masks from different parts of the world.

	Q: I purchased it from a dealer in Monrovia in 2005 with other items that have since been identified as authentic.  Brendan, 11-2-10
	A: Though the mask was purchased in Monrovia, it is not in the Guere, Grebo, Bassa, or any other African tradition.  The face is a distorted female torso with a penis protruding from the center-- a clever commercial mask meant to sell as a conversation piece. I think it's a hoot!  (addendum: This crazy mask could be the work of a Makonde carver.)

Q:  I got it about15yrs ago from a visiting dignitary who was from some Asian country.  Daniel, 11-7-10   72
A: One of many characters from the most frequently performed folk dance in Korea, these masks are done is a distinctive style that is unique. They come in several colors including black and white. Read the description of this Korean mask.

	Q: I bought this mask from a diplomat who was stationed in West Africa 25 years ago.  It's huge at 43" tall. Can you help me identify the tribe?  Bob, 11-7-10    73
	A: It looks like a Toma mask. They live around the border of Guinea and Liberia. It's obviously been gussied up for sale to tourists and shops, so you should consider it a reproduction. Many African masks are made in shops outside the culture they are trying to copy.

Q: The masks were found approx. 20 years ago in a mine in Witbank, Gauteng province, South Africa.  There are 3 and they are cast in bronze.  Susan, 11-9-10    74
A: I have no idea what these are, nor can I detect any stylistic resemblance to a particular culture or region. Of course, I am not an expert on African traditional art. Please contact a museum or university anthropology department for some help. Perhaps these pieces will turn out to be an important discovery.

	Q: I have taken these to appraisers and the curator of the Eiteljorg museum in Indianapolis. Please help!  Alicia, 11-9-10   75
	A: I'm pretty sure these are older, used Kolan Natima masks from the Sinhalese region of Sri Lanka. Village shaman wear them in exorcism rituals to cure certain diseases. Old ones like these are rare, especially the large animal mask (not shown).

Q: I picked this up at a local antique store and was told it was Zulu. I don't believe that Zulu's used masks.  Darla, 11-12-10    76
A: You are right, but they do make stuff for tourists. This mask seems to have been inspired by some Japanese character (Omi, Shikami, Hannya). It has not been carved well which isn't typical for Japan. I would also question the aging. Is it authentic or artificial? Unfortunately I can't tell by looking at a small scan.

	Q: My parents lived in Africa from the 1970's until the 1990's. Father said it was from Zambia. Eve, 11-13-10    77
	A: It's a Mwana Pwo from the Chokwe or Lwena people of Western Angola, very close to Northern Zambia. I like it because it was not artificially aged before this pretty female face was sold. Who knows, it might be identical to one that was actually made for use-- so it's not a fake mask.

Q: This mask is from India and I believe it is the god Indra used in the Dussehra festival.  Chris, 11-15-10    78
A: I think you got it right. The Dasara Festival is celebrated all over Himachal Pradesh, Southern Nepal, and other parts of Northern India. Its a nice big, simply-made mask characteristic of the area.

	Q: Can this be an African masks or something else? They seem to be very old.  Jerry, 11-23-10   79
	A: Your two mask are not African. Instead they are from somewhere in the Himalayan region between China and Northern India. They do look old, but so do most masks sold to tourists. You could take them to an expert to make sure.

Q: Can you tell me something about this Indian mask? It looks old and worn and is painted canvas on wood.  Peter, 11-23-10   80
A: This would be used in the Ramayana epic, but I don't know the character's name. Probably from somewhere in Southern India, old wooden masks like this are seldom seen today. Papier mache and ceramics are more common. Definitely a keeper.

	Q: We have this wood mask that is believed to be South American and old. The back is solid and smooth. Pamela, 11-23-10
	A: Your mask comes from Guatemala and represents Tecun Uman, a famous Indian chief. Since it has not been painted, we know it was meant to be sold to tourists. Decorative masks like this have been made for many years, so yours could be quite old.

Q: Can you tell me what this is?  I believe it is from Nepal.  Randy, 11-28-10   82
A: Though I've never seen one like this, Nepal is the place. Selling masks as decorative pieces is an important industry there. Most of these souvenirs replicate shamanistic or religious masks. This one is inventive and quite handsome.

	Q: Here is the Diablo Umo mask.  Chris,11-28-10   84
	A: These delightful cloth masks from Ecuador are not seen very often, so I decided to share your picture with others. Visitors can read more about the Diablo Umo I once owned by clicking on the link. Mine was not as nicely detailed as yours.

Q: I purchased this mask from the estate of a well-know local artist. The feint signature looks like "Shag K" or something close. Mike, 11-29-10    85
A: There are decorative leather "masks" made by craftsmen in many parts of the world. You have an example that rises to the level of fine abstract sculpture. I think Shag K, wherever he or she is from, is an excellent artist. Display this and enjoy!

	Q: I'm not sure if this would classify as a mask, but it does cover the face. I collected it while in Afghanistan. Its a Hizara wedding hat that covers the brides eyes. The Hizara are descendents of Genghis Khan. Nobody messes with them because they are still ferocious fighters.  Chris,11-28-10   85a
	A: I consider it a very beautiful mask. Thanks for sharing.

Q: It is a two faced, wood carved mask I found in Addis at a road side shop... stuck in the back.  It's about the size of a gallon milk jug.  Cynthia, 11-30-10   86
A: Pretty neat mask, but I can't ID it. There is no tradition of masquerade in most of Northeast Africa. There are the Bongo of Sudan, but their masks are very rare. Probably it was made in Ethiopia or someplace else just for sale to tourists.

	Q: I know nothing about masks, but from looking at them it seems to me to be from the Dan tribe.  Jennifer, 12-10-10    87
	A: Good research. This type of Dan mask is from Ivory Coast and is one of the most recognizable in all of West Africa. By using Google you can find lots of information on them.

Q: May I ask you to look at three masks from the South East Moluccas? I would like to know the value.  Watze, 12-13-10   88
A: I enjoyed looking at your three Moluccan masks and will share one of the pics with our readers. It's not often that we get to see material from the Moluccas. For an appraisal try tribal art dealers in Australia who specialize in Indonesia and PNG.

	Q: Can you identify the origin and timeframe?  Jamie, 12-15-10
	A: Pre-Columbian art such as masks beaten from sheets of gold, silver, copper, and other metals have been turning up at archeological sites in Central and South America for years. Try to determine from which culture and whether it is genuine. (Someone wrote in who thinks it is fake.)

Q: I grew up in the Rabaul (New Britain, off the coast of PNG) area and would like something from the islands which has a bit of colour on it like this mask.  Julie, 12-17-10    90
A: Is it from New Britain? I'm waiting to hear more from Julie about this excellent mask. If someone wants to see a larger photo than the one on this page, just send me an email.

	Q:  I came across this wooden mask and suspect it’s a bird of some kind. I have no idea where it came from. What are your thoughts?   Arthur, 12-18-10     91
	A: The bird is an old favorite of the Guatemalan tourist industry. People confuse them with other things because the look is so different. Sometimes there is just one eyehole in the center. Wish I knew the derivation of this unique design.

Q: One of two masks I bought at a sale, they are hammered alpaca (nickel-silver) over turtle shells about 5 inches in size. There is a skull motif around the edge.  Jackolin, 12-20-10   92
A: Little metal masks on the back of turtle shells or monkey skulls are called kapalas in Tibet where they are sold as Buddhist souvenirs and are sometimes used as offering bowls.

	Q:  The mask appears to be a turtle shell with multiple tiny snail shells measuring 10 X 12 inches.  Asya, 12-26   93
	A: Wow, two turtle shells in a row. I've seen somewhat similar masks from both Nigeria and Papua New Guinea, but nothing close enough in style to be sure. Maybe one of our readers will recognize it.

Q: It was a wedding gift 20 years ago from a best friend who is an art collector. He said it was old, expensive and of museum quality.  Yuri, 12-28-10  94
A: Not sure about "old and expensive." It looks like something from the Yaka people of the Congo, but I've never seen one with a complete human figure instead of a face. Also, the hat (part that holds the mask in place) is especially beautiful.

	Q: When my grandfather passed away he left me a lot of his collectable's. This was one of them. I think it might be Indian but I figure I better ask.  Greg, 1-1-11  95
	A: The face looks like Northwest coast Indian. The carving style, which seems to be purposely rough, and the heavily stained and varnished finish, are not typical of the region. These kinds of masks are favorite subjects for woodcarving classes. Just a guess.

Q: Here are photos of a 36-in bird mask from Mexico, as well as some others we have.  John, 1-1-11   96
A: From the Cora people in the small, mountainous state of Nayarit, Mexico. Often made of papier mache, these unusual masks are worn during Holy Week, then destroyed after the performance. Very few end up in collections. This one may be even rarer because of age and subject matter.

	Q: I have no idea where they were from and what they were made for. The condition is good with signs of wear. The back looks very rough so is it just for decor?  Joshua, 1-2-11   97
	A: This would be the female. I suspect the pair were made for sale. They have a strong Nigerian appearance, possibly Yoruba. The pair would be nice for display with other West African art, especially the popular twin carved figures and photographs.

Q: This mask was said to be anti-colonial, with a French sailor in jaws, frog on nose, about 30" tall, and was purchased in Mexico in 1995.  John, 1-7-11   98
A: Since the beginning of the 20th century there have always been a few exceptional craftsmen turning out great decorative masks in Mexico. This one could be from the 70s or 80s. It is meant to be enjoyed as an art object, rather than danced.

	Q:  My mask looks like it has a small head on top of it.  The tag on it reads "fecha  hannsi  p.v.p. 48500." How much money is that in u.s. currency?  Bob, 1-9-11   99
	A: If you put a decimal point after 485 it would be $113 in Carracas, Venezuela, where the big folk art store, Hannsi, is located. At your suggestion I googled Hannsi. This is a decorative Yare mask made of gourd. They also make them with coconut shells or papier mache. Yare masks worn for celebration are larger and look different.

Q: My father got this about 20 years ago from a tribe in New Guinea, probably the Sevi. Should I sell it?  Mark, 1-10-11   100
A: Personally, I love new-looking, carefully made PNG masks like this one (the feathers are all there and the crocodile is perfectly carved), but most collectors are looking for older artifacts that show signs of usage. You might be better keeping it or giving it as a present. It is beautiful!

	Q:  We bought this mask at auction in Nova Scotia. Where was it  made? Approximate age?  Jennifer,  1-12-11    101
	A: Maximon masks from Guatemala are made to go on clothed figures of an important folk saint. Maximon is prayed to by many indigenous Guatemalans. A cigarette would be inserted in the mouth hole as an offering. Age can't be determined from a photo.

Q: I was hoping you could tell me where this mask comes from.  David, 1-12-11   102
A: Java, Indonesia's most important island. Though they celebrate the exact same dance dramas as the Balinese, the style of their masks is a bit different. See these differences on Bali & Java.

	Here is a Cora antlered Devil from the 2008 Judea celebration in Nayarit. The papier mache mask measures 19 inches. Mystery #96 is also Cora. I thank Javier of the Galeria Olinala in Puerto Vallarta for sharing this extraordinary mask with us.   1-12-11   103

Q: The inset beads in the face and the articulated jaw interested me very much. Any information you might have would be deeply appreciated.   Pam, 1-19-11   104
A: I too find this mask interesting, but frustrating. Many of the design elements seem to come from different cultures all over West African. Hopefully one of our readers can pin it down to a specific area.

	Q: The mask was brought back the 40's or 50's by a GI. Can you tell what it is and if it is worth trying to sell.  Ashley, 1-20-11   106
	A: A reproduction of an Okina, a popular character from the Japanese classic Noh theater. Unlike the real ones that are carved wood, it is molded composite and made for sale as a souvenir or art. People collect them and will pay a lot for high quality or hard-to-get characters, but this is not one of those.

Q: I was in Ecuador recently and picked up this papier mache mask made by Indians in the Andes.  Norris, 1-22-11   107
A: The Quechua people are well known mask makers, both in wood and paper. A number of traditional Ecuadorian masks are on our site. But this guy is something else-- perhaps the portrait of a gringo tourist. Norris, is that you?

	Q: I have a Balinese Topeng Tua, but I’m not sure about this second mask.    Tom, 1-24-11     108.
	A: The Topeng as well as some of the other Balinese dance dramas are preceded by clowns that warm up the audience. This could be Bondres Cungih, a clown who has a speech defect.

Q: He's solid hardwood carved from a single piece and about 12 inches tall. Too heavy and solid at the back to be worn as a mask. Chinese, Japanese?   Graeme, 1-26-11   109
A: These beautifully carved pieces come from somewhere in China and have been popular with tourists and art lovers alike for years. As you observed, they are decorative accessories rather than ethnographic (functional) masks.

	Q: I was given a mask 35 years ago by a Nigerian business colleague. Have you any idea where it originates from? How could I get another one?  Peter, 1-31-11   110
	A: I'm hoping its an authentic bronze from the Middle Period of the Benin Kingdom (1550-1700, now Nigeria). If so, it's worth a lot of money. Please take it to an expert for confirmation. Then you can subscribe to the Sothebys' mailing list.

Q: The mask came from and elderly woman's attic so it could have been acquired 50 years ago. The thick head of hair is natural fiber carefully attached to a cap at the top. The dots on the wood face were burned in.  Gene, 2-2-11   111
A: I'm thinking West Africa, but I can't do any better than that. Please, can someone help?

	Q: It was purchased in Korea I think. Anything that you can help to explain it would be great.  Greg, 2-6-11   112
	A: One of the most popular Korean traditional masks, more details can be found on the "Orient" section of the site. There are many other characters portrayed in Korean folklore, but most of them are not commonly made for the tourist trade.

Loiza is a small town on the NE coast of PR where there are lots of coconuts from which masks like this can be made. This especially artistic version with 11 spikes was sent to us by Francisco at Vejigante Masks from Puerto Rico.  2-7-11  113

	Here is a magnificent Yupik mask from Alaska that could represent a friendly animal spirit in a shamanistic performance. It has real caribou horns-- the other 4 projectiles are skillfully carved caribou legs. There are still talented Native Americans creating fine masks in the Northwest. Thank you, Tom, for sharing.  2-8-11  114

Q: I bought it at a thrift store 9 years ago. I would like to know where its from or who made it.  Jose, 2-11-11   115
A: Classic Dan masks from Liberia and Ivory Coast are very popular with collectors. Those with big round eyes are called racers. Others have slits (see #87). This racer is adorned with all of the extra attachments. Thousands of these are made every year for sale.

	Q: I am guessing that it is a Songye Kifwebe mask. I am really interested to get some info about it. I live in the far north west of Zambia, approximately 100k from Angola.  Andrew, 2-13-11  116
	A: It is indeed a Kifwebe from either the Luba or the Songye not too far north in the DRC. It has the typical striated design and is rather small and rough. Kifwebes can be very impressive and all are greatly in demand by tourists and collectors.

Q: I purchased this at a shop in NYC. It came with no information. What you can tell me about it.   Luis,  2-16-11   117
A: This looks like an old, used character mask from the Topeng dance drama performed throughout the country of Java. To see more of these go to the Bali & Java section of this website.

	Q: I'm researching a carved head, which I thought was the Javanese Eagle King, until someone said it was from Sri Lanka. It is 16" high & both the topknot & beak tip are separate sections and may have been articulating.  David, 2-16-11  118
	A: I am leaning toward Java, but it could come from other places in SE Asia. It is not a mask-- probably architectural detail or a puppet. It would also be good to determine whether it is as old as it looks. I hope someone will give us an opinion.

J.C. from France sent pictures of his small but nice collection of African figures. There was also this dramatic maiden's mask from the Ibo area of Nigeria. It is certainly one of the most elaborate I've seen. Click here for more info on this style of mask.  2-21-11  119

	Q: It's about 22 inches high and 8 inches across. We think my grandmother brought it back around 1975 from Bali. Unfortunately that's all I know.  Jedidjah, 2-20-11   121
	A: In many ways it looks Balinese, but it has a Chinese opera feel to it as well. It is beautifully designed and crafted, and that tall headdress is spectacular. Probably made for wealthy people to display in their homes. Collectors of either masks or Asian art will want this piece.

Q: I bought this 30cm mask about 5 years ago in Lombok Island at a market. The vendor said it was old and made from fishbone. I think it may have came from Timor, but not sure.  Lukasz, 2-17-11  120
A: It looks like whalebone to me and could be from the nearby island of Timor. They make lots of masks from various types of bone as well as wood. Try to find out what the material truly is. Because of it's unusual size it might be worth doing more research.

	Q:  An African art expert I know sent this in.  2-26-11   122
	A: I think it's Himalayan tribal, probably the Middle-Hills region of Nepal... far from Africa. It could also be from nearby Arunachal Pradesh, the Terai, or Himachal Pradesh. He sent a pic of the back. The mask is thinly carved and looks old. Nice!

Q: Can you tell me if it is Chinese and from the 19th century? It is approx 12" x 8 1/4 " at the widest point.  Pauline, 2-27-11   123
A: 19th or 20th China seems plausible to me. More importantly, this is fine art rather than folk art, a piece of wall sculpture by a highly talented carver. It's great the way he combines humorous stylization with anatomic correctness. What a wonderful piece you found!

	Q: My grandfather traveled all over the world in his life as a ship's captain, but I can't tell where he found this particular mask.  It is about 8 x 25 in.  Lea, 3-04-11   124
	A: With the usual caveat that I'm not a specialist, I'm going to guess this is a Bamana mask from Mali. Personally, I like the way it looks and think you should keep it together with its mate. What a nice remembrance of Grandpa.

Q: I bought this antique mask with a funny facial expression from a headhunting tribe in Sarawak, Malaysia.  Salzian, 2-7-11   125
A: You know it comes from Borneo. All I can add is that it's used by a Dayak shaman in healing ceremonies. It is most likely not an antique, but rather a recent carving made to look old so it fetches a better price from tourists.

Francisco Negron of www.pr-arte.com just sent me this pic. It shows one of the best Vejigantes I've seen. I love the painting, especially the use of solid colors on the small horns, and the costume goes very well with the mask. The master-craftsman, Edwin Muniz, stands beside the dancer in yesterdays parade. Today is the last day of Carnaval. Puerto Rican Vejigante masks are made of papier mache... and are perhaps the most exciting masks in the world.   2-7-11   126

Just saw a great show at the Steven Kasher Gallery in NYC (Mar 2 - Apr 2, 2011) featuring masqueraders from all over West Africa. The photos are beautiful and reveal what kinds of masks are being used today. There's also a great book of photos called Maske by Phyllis Galembo. You can see more photos by clicking on this link. You'll be surprised!  2-11-11   127

	David Baynes, a teacher at Wakefield Middle School in Raleigh, NC has been sending his woodworking students to MasksoftheWorld.com for inspiration at the beginning of their mask-making project. Using a scrolling saw, 1/4" plywood and paint, his kids create some very impressive wall hangings. 2-11-11  128

Q: I was given this mask 10 years ago by a friend who was a pilot in Africa. He said it was given to him by someone for protection but never told me what tribe or who gave it to him.  Clint, 2-12-11  129
A: I believe your mask is Ngbaka, Zande, Lega, or some other tribe in the Congo region. The large headdress, heavy use of color, and raffia attachment are, all together, pretty special. Doesn't appear to have been used and will display nicely.

	Q: I have looked at several sites and can't find a mask similar to this. It is 8" L. Eyes are solid-- no holes.   Jo, 3-17-11  130
	A: My guess is that it is from Kathmandu, Nepal. Large numbers of masks in many different styles and levels of quality are sold to tourist there. I don't know what this type of animal mask is supposed to be for.  It could be worn higher on the head and you would see through the nose holes or mouth.

Q: I bought the mask at a Native American shop in Denver in 1985.I think it's old and the tag described it as being made by a couple out of deerskin and caribou fur. George, 3-19-11   131
A: Eskimos have for many years been making these masks for trade and dollars. Yours is especially realistic and well crafted. Perhaps it is older. There seems to be a general decline in craftsmanship around today's world. For more info.

	Q:  These masks would have been given to my grandmother, as she spent her entire life in Maine. 3 of them, each about 2 in long, were mounted on a panel with "King Island, Alaska," written on the back.  Shelby, 3-20-11   132
	A: The 6 little masks were probably carved by a talented Inupiat shaman from King Island, which is off the west coast of the Seward Peninsula. By 1970 all of the Inupiat had migrated to nearby Nome. Your pieces are likely to be earlier and would have been made as a gifts or for sale. I hope you'll keep them together as they are an outstanding group of ethnographic miniatures and rare.

Q: Got this about 10 years ago at a thrift store. It's hand carved from light weight wood. I have no clue to its origin, though a friend says it looks like an old Guy Fawkes mask.  Jason, 3-28-11   133
It's a character in one of the Indonesian dance dramas. Yours is a half-mask because it covers only part of the face. If you Google Bali, Java or Indonesia masks you will see these.

	Chris wanted to share this pic of a very early Native American headdress made of horse hair. Not exactly a masks, but a beautiful artifact that is rarely seen.   3-29-11   134

Q: My father got this as a present in the 1960's when we lived in Switzerland. I think it is a real, authentic mask. I'm not looking for an appraisal but would like to find out if it's worth much. Pat, 4-4-11
A: Sorry, it is a tourist mask. If it was real it would be hollowed out in the back so it could be worn over the face during the holiday. Here is a real Swiss mask.

	Q: I got this Noh masks at an estate sale--can you tell me how old it is?  Sal, 4-4-11   136
	A: No, I can't. However, you can Google dealers who specialize in Japanese folk art who will. The good news is that this is a high-quality piece that is worth more research.

Q: I picked up three masks when I was in Bali in 2004. This character is called Patih Gajah Mada. I wish I could remember the carver's name.  Camille, 4-4-11    137
A: I can't ID the carver, but he is one of the top few. Mada or Manis is a high-ranking advisor to the Dalem in the Topeng dramas. It's very well done. Could I see your other two masks?

	Q: 25 years ago I purchased this mask from the British Museum in Victoria and I'm trying to document what I have.  It is signed: "Bob Whonnvch, Eagle, Kwakiutl."  Tanya, 4-12-11   138
	A: Your modern eagle mask is handsome and original in both color and design, but I found no record of the carver. You should try a museum or dealer in BC. They may know of him.

Q: An odd one.  I have an idea where it is from. I think the key is the holes on either side of the mouth.  Amyas, 4-12-11   139
A: I've seen similar-looking masks from Tanzania, Nepal, Northern India, SE China, Borneo and Timor. My guess is Nepal, only because I saw a picture of one with similar holes. (It turns out that Amyas saw a Timor mask with side-of-the-mouth holes. Neither of us is sure. Mask collecting can be a challenge!)

	Q: I bought this mask in Tubac, Arizona, but the store had no information on it. "1987" and some other lettering is carved on the bottom.  Alex, 4-14-11   140
	A: Though the style is unusual, my guess would be Mexico. Sometimes Mexican dancers will write or carve personal messages on their mask. However, the artificial aging would suggest it was made for tourists.

Q: Looking for more info on this Maximon mask. Alex, 4-29-11  141
A: It's a little large to have been used as part of a seated figure, as Maximon masks usually are, so it could be a dance mask. I'm not sure if this was made for spiritual use or for sale to tourists. Maximon is sometimes called San Simón and has become a popular icon in Guatemala and other Latin-American countries.

	Q: I acquired a mask from my friend who traveled around quite a bit. I believe it is from Ghana. Jack, 4-29-11   142
	A: It certainly looks to be from Ghana. It is a bit smaller than most, and is made from a gourd. Though it looks old and used, it may have been made for commercial sale. Most "old" African mask are.

Q: I know this mask is from Papa New Guinea, but it is rather hard to track information about context in which it is used. Vicki, 4-30-11  143
A: I believe this mask is used as part of a yam harvest celebration in the Sepik River area. To learn more contact some of the tribal art dealers who specialize in PNG or Oceanic material. Your college library may have some books as well. Good luck.

	Q: I recently acquired this metal chicken mask at an auction sale. The beautifully formed metal with a slight touch of wear and rust was quite appealing.  Missy, 5-1-11   144
	A: If this Bolivian condor mask was intended for dance or parade it would be painted. Probably middle to late 20th century because of the high level of craftsmanship.

Q: I purchased these at a sale. Can you ID them? Mike, 5-2-11  145
A: It's a refreshingly simple Kuba mask from the central Congo. Often they are totally covered in shells and colored beads. Very nice. The other one is a handsome Mexican tourist mask.

	Q: Someone told me the ledger number on the back means this is a NWC Haida mask from the well-known Bell collection and was purchased in 1893.  Wayne, 5-6-11   147
	A: If the provenance is accurate, this may be a valuable artifact. But it doesn't look like any Haida mask I've seen-- round shape, bird crest, weird eyes, a drooping tongue where the labret should be. Please show this to some experts on NWC art and share results with us.

Q: I purchased this mask from the estate of a physician in British Columbia.  John, 5-4-11   146
A: That's a nice looking, American made replica of a NWC Indian mask done by a hobbyist. There are wood carving manuals that tell you exactly how to achieve this aged appearance. Probably made between 1970 and 1990 by a grateful patient.

	Q: I started collecting oceanic art recently. One of my favorites is this Ramu. Can you date it?  Ruben, 5-8-11   148
	A: Beautiful PNG art, but its impossible for me to date it or comment on authenticity without having it in-hand. I've noticed that European dealers frequently "improve" the patinas of their pieces which further complicates accurate dating.

Q: Recently I picked up two masks. I am more interested in the one with the handle. Can you help me out?  Wayne, 5-9-11  149
A: I'm posting the other mask because it is more typical of Central Nepal. The one with the handle appears to have been made at the same place. Check out Google for more info on "Himalayan masks."

Q: Is this a real mende mask?  Wayne, 5-9-11   150

A: You should always assume that tribal art (without provenance from a reputable source) is a reproduction. For many years traditional ritual practices have gone down while the production of art for commercial sales has increased, especially in West Africa. They have become so skilled at reproduction that I often must look very carefully with a magnifying glass to know. Yours is a lovely Bundu mask for a young women's coming-of-age ritual of the Sande Society. An attractive piece of art, its chances of being "real" are about 1 in 100.

Q: Found these in someone's front yard in a pile of trash, if you can  believe that!   Mary, 5/13/11   151
A: I believe you. These are typical tourist masks (decoratives) that many collectors would throw out. However, I like decoratives and have a section for them at the bottom of my "Mexican" page. They can be very creative and are quite affordable. Why be a snob?

	Q: Can you identify what type of mask and its origins.  John, 5-13-11
	A: This is a good example of a Sri Lankan mask that is old and used. New ones are what you see on the market today. Check out this for more info on their usage in the island (formerly called Ceylon).

Q: I am a student at Bowdoin and am attempting to identify this mask. Can you help?  Oliver, 5-18-11   153
A: Thanks for this interesting Bwoom mask of the Bushoong-Kuba people located in central Republic of Congo. These big masks cover the whole head and are always adorned with lots of shells, beads, cloth and fur. It hasn't been made to look old so it could be authentic. They've been well studied so you can find lots of info on them.

	Q: I am very curious of the origins of this mask. It gives out a strong and mystical presence.  Travis, 5-23-11   154
	A: Mahakala masks represent the most commonly reproduced demonic character in the Buddhist ceremonies of Tibet. See other Mahakalas here.

Q: I collect masks when I travel and recently saw some Krampus masks while in Austria. All of them were over $300. Too expensive for me. Any ideas?  Alice, 5-25-11   155
A: Folk masks are still made and used in many European countries, but they are not common and certainly not cheap. Some of the Krampus Devil masks look like Hollywood monsters. The older ones are more conservative in style. Check out European masks.

	Q: I bought this at a sale recently. Can you identify it? John, 5-26-11
	A: You got a long-eared Gelede Apasa mask from the Yoruba people of Nigeria, West Africa. They are worn on top of the dancer's head and all kinds of crazy things are found on top of the mask.

Q: Could you help me Identify this helmet mask?  It fits completely over your head and is carved out of one piece of light wood with small holes all round the base.  Allan, 5-27-11  157
A: I can only narrow it down to the Nigeria-Cameroon-Gabon area of West Africa. (Ogoni, Igbo, Fang, etc) Does the unusual mouth suggest a deformity such as cleft pallet? An African art specialist may be able to help more with this.

	Q: We purchased it in Sulawezi in 1975.  it is about 12x12" and is carved from very hard wood.  Bob, 5-28-11  158
	A: I don't remember ever seeing a mask from Sulawesi. This beautiful carving reminds me of Bali, Borneo and New Guinea all at the same time, which kind of makes sense. Hope to learn more about masks from the big island in the middle of Indonesia.

Q:  I was in a flea market in Zurich and found this beat-up old papier-mache mask. On the back of the mask is a thin strip that says BREVETE S.G.D.G. Does that help?  Terry, 6-2-11   159
A: Depicting a naughty lady, the hand-painted party mask probably dates back to mid-20th century and is from somewhere in Europe. Brevete SGDG roughly means patent pending. A cute vintage piece like this is collectible.

	Q: It was used during Holy Week. Can you tell how old it is by the tag? Sandi, 6-4-11   160
	A: Number 34 was also a Mayo Pascola mask. These very unique little masks are used during the Easter ceremonies in Northern Mexico and our own Southwest.  I doubt if its more than 10 years old. Mayo and Yaqui dances have become quite popular in recent years and so has the sale of Pascolas. Click on the link to learn more.

Q: Attached is a mask I cannot place. It came from a man who traveled the Caribbean.  Jake, 5-7-11   161
A: Your mask is a souvenir from Colombia, probably Cartagena, which is a popular tourist city on the Caribbean coast. The style could be based on an indigenous design, but the design is Andean or Amazonian, I don't know. Check out this Colombian mask.

	Q: We have had this in the family for over sixty years. Grandad worked on the Mexican border.  Carl, 5-11-11   162
	A: This is a nice old Negrito from Uruapan, Michoacan. You can read more about this type of Mexican mask by clicking on the link. Thanks for sharing this classic folk art with me and our readers.

	Q: I really like this mask. What do you think?   Hans, 5-18-11  164
	A: In Mali there are many Dogon masks depicting various kinds of animals. However, their unique abstract style always stands out to me, as does their architecture. The Dogon people are admired by Westerners for their austerity, spirituality, and design.

Q: I was at an estate sale and found this mask in the basement. I have never seen anything like it. It's crazy cool!  Jeremy, 5-7-11   165
A: Well said. Mexican masks can be very cool. I too have never seen a bearded man with a huge fish tail growing out of his head. Please check out Decorative Masks by scrolling all the way to the bottom of this page. Mexico is indeed a wild and crazy place!

	Q: A professional carpet restorer who also plays violin said she thought it must come from a place where horses are abundant, since she recognized the "facial hair" as horse hair.  Lou, 5-20-11   166
	A: I think the hair is from a monkey. The style is definitely Liberian. Several related tribes--Guere, Wobe, Bete, etc-- produce masks with strong, fierce features like this.

Sharon Lowen, the dancer and collector of Indian masks, sent in pics of this fine old example. It is a Hanuman mask from Odisha Ganjam (Odisha is the new name of Orissa in Eastern India). It is carved painted wood, over 60 years old, used in performance, 11" high. India has a great tradition of masks, of which little is known in this country. Thanks Sharon!  5-20-11  167

	Q:  I saw a similar one labeled "Rain God Mask" from the Bobo in Burkina Fasso. It measures about 45 in.  Lou, 6-22-11   168
	A:  Your research is good. I have always called these decorative pieces "owl masks." Yours is large and especially nice. You can learn more by clicking on the link.

Q: I bought this in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Written on the back is "Guatamala X-Mas 1978." Do you think this mask is from Guatamala and are those real goat horns?  Stacie, 6-30-11   169
A: Yes and yes. This is a good repro of a traditional Diablo, except the rear is not hollowed out enough to be worn. Attractive masks are often shipped to foreign countries that have a robust tourist industries.

	Q:  I bought this mask 20 years ago at a vintage store. What are the teeth made of? Where is it from?   Maggie, 6-30-11   170
	A:  This is a very popular tourist mask from somewhere in Asia. Because it is made to be a decorative souvenir or gift, I know nothing about the history of the design. I'd like to know more and hope that someone will explain its origin.

Q: It is from Mexico. Any thoughts about it? I looked through many books and could not find anything similar.  Barbara, 6-30-11   171
A: It is indeed a fabulous mask, but as you found out, very unusual. Will one of you Mexican mask collectors out there please write in and help us. PLEASE!

	Q: I bought it at a flea market. I know it's from Nepal or somewhere in the Himalayan region. Can't find a picture of one that looks like this one. Cameron, 6-30-11  172
	A:  Skull masks are definitely made in the area. This one may not show up in the books because it was made for the tourist trade. Carvers can take poetic license with their commercial masks.

Q:  It may be from the Congo but not sure. I bought this mask at a flea market when it caught my eye!  Karen, 6-30-11   173
A: This very pretty tourist mask is reminiscent of West Africa, borrowing themes from several different cultures. Collectors of African traditional artifacts would call it "airport art."

	A friend sent in this Bamileke elephant mask from Cameroon in West Africa. These large, beaded fabric masks are still used today to demonstrate royalty and wealth. The mask's big round ears flap around when the wearer moves. Large and very colorful. 50 inches long. 174

Here's another one from the same friend. We think it is a large Koma Ba from the Mau people of Ivory Coast. It has two handles to help hold it up. Older ones are often encrusted with dried blood. Similar masks are also used by the nearby Wobe and Dan peoples.  175

	Q: Are those rocks or actual teeth? Little rocks in the eye slit. Big earring hoops. All the needle-work. When I moved the hair out of his face it looks just like Homer Simpson.  Jim, 7-4-11  176
	A:  A good example of an African mask from the We people of Liberia. I have a similar one for sale, but the condition is not as good. If If you mention "Ask the Mask Man" I will give you a $100 discount.

Q: I am told is an authentic African mask. Can you tell me what area its from and how it as used? It is 32" from the top of the horns to the bottom of the mask.  Linda, 7-9-11  177
A: Kponiugu helmet masks are famous antiwitchcraft carvings made by the Senufo people of NE Ivory Coast, as well as some of Mali and Burkina Faso. This one is especially artistic so I have posted larger photos in the African section of the site. "Authentic" means the mask was used for tribal ritual. Strictly speaking, this is a reproduction.

	Q: It is a helmet type mask. The face is on a hinge and made of light wood, the helmet itself is papier mache. The yellow guard on the forehead and the blue wings are made of tin.
	A:  It's a Roman legionnaire's mask for the big Lenten celebration on the Catholic island of Marinduque, in the Philippines. One hardly ever sees these wonderful masks in North America or Europe. Follow the link to learn more about this.

Q: Any info would be much appreciated. I was told it looks to be Balinese.  Linnette, 7-11-11   179
A: Balinese masks are very colorful as well, but this is a Gara Yaka  from Sri Lanka. You can see more masks from the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) on this website.

	Q: Can you tell me anything about it?  Gladys, 7-18-11  180
	A:  Carved out of various types of stone, Mexican art masks like this are made to be tourist souvenirs. The design is loosely based on masks from the pre-Columbian period. Very decorative.

Q: This mask is quite large, 22" tall and heavy.  Victoria, 7-19-11  181
A: It is some kind of demon from the Himalayas. I've seen similar faces from Bhutan, but they would be much smaller, more detailed and painted in full color. To me it would be nice for outside decor.

	Q: I recently found this mask on craigslist but without any information on its origin.  Bjorn, 7-19-11  182
	A:  Africa, Congo, Songye people, and it would be called a female Kifwebe-- a well-known traditional mask. This link will take you to a very beautiful male Kiwebe for more information on the type. Though yours looks old and used, it is probably a made-for-sale repro.

Q: I was told that this is a primitive Mexican tribal mask. Have you seen one like this?  Erika, 7-20-11  183
A: I've seen many of these. We call them "Decoratives." In addition to mermaids, all sorts of creatures are combined with a human face for dramatic effect. You can see more of these  at the bottom of the linked page. The Mexicans have been making decoratives for the tourist trade since the 1960's. They are usually antiqued.

	Q: I am not sure if it just another decorative or not. It has a bit of age, unless it was done artificially.  Matt, 7-26-11  184
	A: Variations of these neat little masks have been made in Igala, Guerrero for years. They're called Day of the Dead masks, but most of them are purchased by tourists and shops. Mexicans prefer skull masks for this important holiday.

Q: I have a wood mask, I think it is a Japanese Noh. It is appears to have been painted but is now refinished.  Aaron, 7-27-11, 185
A: This nice carving has me stumped. I know it isn't Japanese, but I don't have a clue where it came from. Please, someone out there help us.

	Q: Any comments with respect to age or origin would be appreciated. Andru, 7-27-11  186
	A: Grotesque carvings like this come from Switzerland, Bavaria or Austria. Peasants have been making them for many years, but I can't determine age without seeing the masks up close.

Q: Any idea where this mask comes from? It's made from yellow cedar and a friend thought it was NWC Indian.  Kevin, 7-28-11,  187
A: It's yellow cedar  and vaguely resembles a bear mask made in the Northwest Coast style... but not by much. I wouldn't rule out Mexican or Asian. Whatever, the carver was a professional who did not antique or distress it for the tourist market.

	Q: I bought this for $.49 at a local thrift store.  It's no larger than 5-8 in tall. I am curious where he came from and age.  Angela, 188
	A: A family in Southern Nepal would have purchased this wooden plaque of a Hindu deity to place on the wall of their home for protection or good luck. Don't know how old it is.

Q: Can you tell me what type of masks these are?  Reid, 8-1-11  189
A: Gelede masks are used by the Yoruba people of Nigeria. They are carved wood helmets with imaginative headdresses. This one looks like two bottles, but it could be a chicken, an airplane, a fancy hairdew, or nothing at all. See Gelede masks.

	Q: What can you tell me about these masks?  Kevin, 8-1-11, 190
	A: The Bwa people of Burkina Faso use masks in dances that celebrate agricultural spirits. This is a bird mask with a little bird on top. Your other masks are also from West Africa. Though all of them look old and used, they have been artificially antiqued and distressed to make them more attractive to collectors.

For an annual celebration of the Croations living in Mohacs, Hungary, held in the Carnival season (Farsang), ending the day before Ash Wednesday. It features Busos (people wearing traditional masks) and includes folk music, masquerading, parades and dancing.  The celebration ends with the Burial of Farsang on Shrove Tuesday. See Hungarian masks.  Raczne, 8-5-11, 191

	Q: I found this mask at a Santa Fe flea market. I first thought it was a Yaqui Pascola without the symbols but I'm not sure. Bart, 8-5-11
	A: It's a Pascola, but probably from the Mayo Indians who are further south in the state of Sonora. The Yaqui masks usually have their hair clipped short so it doesn't cover the eyes. Check out the Mexican mask page for more info on Pascola masks.

Q: Me and my fiancé have just inherited a collection of mostly Asian items but there are a few mysteries.  John, 8-08-11, 193
A: I thought this might be Chinese until I showed it to an expert who said definitely no. Still, it is probably Asian, and maybe the real deal. Why carve a tourist mask that nobody can recognize. Help needed!

	Q: The teeth seem to be human. Material is silver or tin with coral and turquoise stones. Astrid, 8-09-11, 194
	A: Highly decorative masks like this have been made in Nepal and Tibet for many years. They bring good luck to the households that display them, and for tourists are beautiful souvenirs.

Q: I was told this was probably African. It's big-- 20 in long. How old do you think it is?  Fabiana, 8-18-11, 195
A:  It's from somewhere in Africa, Asia, or even the S. Pacific. But I  wouldn't know anything more other than it is made for display as decorative art or a tourist souvenir. I doubt it is very old.

	Q: I brought this mask from Hoguin, Cuba. It is Caoba, which is Spanish for mahogany. 18 inches high.  Fernando, 8-18-11, 196
	A:  High quality wood carvings like this are common in Bavaria, but they can also be found in China, Indonesia and the Caribbean. This is a wonderful piece of sculpture for the wall. It is decorative art and not an artifact of any cultural significance.

Q: I found this in an old house set to be demolished. It seems to be a "diablo" of some sort.  Kevin, 8-21-11,  197
A: There are many Diablo masks made in Mexico. This is the most popular tourist version. Of better quality than most, it would be for decorative use rather than a mask collection.

	Q: Would you please take a look at the attached.  J., 8-21-11, 198
	A:  A beautiful, highly detailed, and very unusual mask from Ivory Coast, West Africa. Either Guro, Yaure or Baule is my guess. Would love to see it up close. If it is a real, used piece, it is quite valuable.

Q: Do you know anything about this Chinese mask that would help me get more details on origin and date?  Dave, 8-22-11, 199
A: Probably Chinese-- also could be from Tibet or Nepal. Exact origin and date are not important because it is not a traditional mask but one made for sale to the trade. Scroll back up to #109 and 123, two other decorative masks from the region.

	Q: I do not know what to call this mask.  Linda, 8-23-11, 200
	A:  Your attractive mask was made by the Kalapalo people, Xingu River area, part of the great Amazon region of Brazil. There is another Kalapalo mask on this website. Please remember that this comes from an important area whose ecology and cultures are endangered.

Q: My father-in-law got this 50-60 years ago in the Northern Philippines from the Ifugao tribe. Do you have any background on what they were made for?  Angela, 8-30-11,  201
A: This is a souvenir. These masks are based loosely on old designs of the indigenous Ifugao people of Northern Luzon, but I have no idea how closely they follow tradition. This is an especially nice example carved skillfully out of fine hardwood. Nowadays versions of these masks are manufactured throughout the world. I believe it is the most popular tribal mask of all time.

	Q: Can you tell me the origin and any historical facts regarding this mask?  Wendy, 9-5-11, 202
	A:  The origin is probably West Africa. But it is a decorative object, not folk art. A true mask is an expression of culture and is used in the community. This is art work and made to be sold outside the community. It has a a lot in common with the Philippino mask shown above.

Q: The mask is 8 in long. The way the forehead runs into the nose and the big teeth are suggestive of an animal. The form is really interesting-- primitive, but quite sculptural. I was told it is Himalayan.  David, 9-7-11,   203
A: A Middle Hills shaman's mask, but unlike any I've seen. This is a powerful little carving, perhaps inspired by the snow leopard.

	Q: This mask is 11" and resembles the one you have listed from Ivory Coast. Has a nice old patina.  Dan, 9-13-11, 204
	A:  Never seen one like this, but I think it's a Mossi mask from Burkina Faso. Many Mossi people have crossed the border and moved to NW Ivory Coast. The mask is not old. West African carvers are experts at aging everything they make for the trade.

Q: Could you help me about the origins of the mask on the attached pics? It is 21 cm high X 14 cm wide.  Thierry, 9-13-11, 205
A: The eye treatment suggests Liberia or Ivory Coast. It could be old. Unfortunately, it has been cleaned and refinished, a practice that some collectors still believe improves the appearance of tribal art.

	Q: It measures 7 1/2" and looks like it's made of shells and bones. Could you please offer some info on this piece.  Jenia, 9-13-11
	A:  What a great piece of art made from a variety of biological materials! Of course, it is decorative art, not tribal art, so there is no way for me to determine its provenance. It might be fun to identify all of its parts by their proper zoological and botanical names.

Q: I have inherited this old mask. Could you tell me anything about it?  Susie, 9-13-11,  207
A: Transformation masks made by the NWC Native Americans are among the most dramatic masks in the world. Open up the first face and it reveals a second character underneath. I wonder why it is unfinished? It should be painted.

	Q: Any help on the age, origin and use of this mask would be greatly appreciated.  Shannon,  9-14-11,  208
	A: You have an ancestor mask from the Middle Sepik River area of Papua New Guinea. Though it is very traditional, it was probably made for the trade in the late 20th century. Carving traditional art is an important source of income for the indigenous people of PNG.

Q: Mexican or Central American? Thought maybe it was a Moor or Spaniard. About 9 x 7in.  Darin, 9-17-11, 209
A: It is a Mexican Moor-- not the kind that gets used in a village dance. This one was made for the tourist trade. Darkened varnish was put on the face and then rubbed out, and the rear is stained to make it look old. I'd like it more if it wasn't antiqued, but plenty of character.

	Q: My father acquired a Senufo Kpelie similar to this one which is from a museum. It seems there are quite a lot of these masks. Is there any way of identifying the authentic ones? Dave, 9-19-11
	A: Unlike most, this one is indeed special. I can tell by the carving, but to really be sure I would have to see it up close. Over the years African carvers have become especially skillful at "antiquing." Most African masks for sale are not authentic.

Q: Does this appear to be a World War II sniper mask?  Michelle,  9-21-11,  211
A: Your cold weather mask was made for the Army after the Korean War and later used by the Navy in Vietnam. You can see more by looking at the "Protection" section on this website.

	Q: Allegedly, they were collected in the 1930’s by a young photographer traveling in Alaska. They are quite large-- 11” x 18”.  E J, 9-22-11, 212
	A: Wow! Your 7-mask collection might be quite valuable. I think they are Tlingit or Haida from the panhandle area... and used in rituals. The value would be in their authenticity, not the quality of carving, which is unfortunately rather low. Please try to find NWC curator or dealer who could take a closer look. Also, why so large?

Q: I think it is a Sevi Spirit Mask from a Tambunum Village, but I am not sure. It is 32" high.  Sharon, 9-26-11, 213 A: I must assume you are correct because I'm not an expert on Papua New Guinea culture. I will say that the carving and painting are excellent and that this mask is a beautiful example of Melanesian art.

	Q: The previous owner told me it is a Shawnee Native American dance mask crafted by a tribe member and representing "The Blue Bear."  Marc, 9-26-11, 214
	A: I searched for examples of Shawnee masks and found nothing. I'd love to believe it because this doesn't look like any traditional mask I've ever seen... anywhere. Also, the accessories that went with it had a Native American feel. Hopefully a specialist in NA art will have something to say about this excellent piece.

Q: I was wondering if you can identify this mask for me. It is called the "Tago Mask", but that's all I really know about it.  Doris, 9-27-11, 216
A: The tago is found only on Tami Island in the Huon Gulf, New Guinea. It is used in the rite of passage for young men in that culture. I have never seen one before. You're a lucky person!

	Q: I picked this up at a flea market because I thought it looked cool.  Ken, 9-27-11, 215
	A: It is a boar mask from Nepal or nearby. I too think it looks cool... and traditional. It should have been reasonably priced because its not really an old, used mask, but one made recently for the tourist trade.

Q: Found it in a Hong Kong market and was wondering how old, where from, what were they used for.  Huw, 9-30-11, 217
A: These distinctive skull masks are used for festivals throughout the Himalayan region. You also see the same skull in miniature on the crowns of their Mahakala masks. This one is for the tourist trade. Though made to look old, it is new.

	Q: I know nothing about masks but thought it looked Alaskan. It's 12" x 9 1/2". I bought it years ago because I like cats. It's technically not actually a mask but a plaque.  John, 10-1-11, 218
	A: It's modern art that could be from anywhere. Real masks are folk art objects that have a traditional function such as performance, dance, ceremony, religious ritual, celebration, etc. Your piece should be called a wall hanging, wood art or painted sculpture.

Q: Approx 20 inches tall. While passing a charity shop where it was displayed in the window, I simply had to have it.  Mary, 10-4-11
A: Gurulu, the giantl snake-eating bird is one of the most beloved characters in Sri Lankan mythology. This example is for display and too small for real usage. However, it is beautifully made and will steal the show in any mask collection.

	Q: Tell me your opinion about the Bambara Mask. Can you tell me more about the age? A ritualistic Ntomo helmet mask? Touristic or not?  Adrian, 10-6-11, 220
	A: Probably Bambara, but could be Bozo or Marka who are also in Mali. Exact name of mask and the society that uses it will require more research.  Chances are it was made recently for tourists. Perhaps you could take your two masks to an African specialist at a gallery or museum for a close look. They are handsome!

Q: It was brought in from Mexico about 1986 from a museum in Tulum at a that time you could actually buy stuff. The owner thinks that it dates to 1130 BC.  Oscar, 10-6-11, 221
A: A life-size clay Mayan mask is something Mexican collectors as well as the pre-Columbian art enthusiasts would love to have. But what about authenticity? Fake artifacts are available to tourist at all of the famous ruins and have been for years. Please take it to an expert.

	Q: I'm not sure where it's from but I'm dying to find out. It's made out of wood.  Marvin, 10-11-11, 222
	A: Oriental art to my liking, this beautiful piece of wood sculpture is  probably from China. It is intended to be decorative art rather than a mask for ritual ceremony or folk dance.

Q: This mask was found in Charleston, SC in the old slave market district. Thank you, Mike, 10-16-11, 224
A: I'd guess it's a preColumbian artifact of carved stone, and very old. What I said about #221 applies. Your pics are good enough to send to some specialists for more info. Good luck. Please let us know!

	Q: I inherited from my dad two masks and i have no idea where they are from. Would you know?  Carrie, 10-16-11  225
	A: PreColumbian items seem to be popular. See 221 and 224, all three of which are death masks intended for burial sites. This one is terra cotta and in perfect condition. I believe it is a modern decorative item made for the Mexican tourist trade.

Q: This was supposed to be Iroquois, but details around the mouth, shape of nose, and colors aren't right.  Bob, 10-18-11, 226
A: I agree with you. It also looks Sri Lankan because of the eye treatment. Native American, Sri Lankan or maybe something else, this well-carved and painted mask is going to be tough to identify.

	Q: Can you tell me anything about this 8x10-in mask?  David, 10-19-11, 227
	A: Oriental art collectors have been buying these decorative masks from China for years. They are always expertly carved out of fine hardwood, sometimes with ivory eyes and teeth. Yours is especially artistic with its flowing hair and beard. Check out this older version for more info.

Q: I have a Kobeua painted bark-cloth body mask from the Amazon. I acquired it from a professor at the University of Delaware whom pasted away 3 yrs ago.  Danne, 10-19-11, 228
A: I know you looked at the one on the website. Yours is considerably shorter and appears to be in new condition. If you could find out if the professor worked with the Kobeua, this body mask would be worth more. Good provenance means a lot.

	Q: All of the masks are miniatures, three are made of paper mache, one is ceramic. From what I have read, these were tourist trade items.  Brenda, 10-23-11, 229
	A: Made only in the Dominican Republic, these Lechones are especially impressive when seen full-size in the parade. Follow this link for more info on masks from the DR.

Q: Can you tell me more about this Venezuelan mask?  Cindy, 230
A: Your mask is typical of the decorative, clay wall-hangings made in Quíbor-- a city in the state of Lara, Venezuela. They're very pretty and sell well... but don't relate to any indigenous or Spanish traditions.

	Q:  I found it in Gambia 1975, but was told it was from Mali. 23 in tall. It's very old, maybe 19th century.  Svein, 10-29-11, 231
	A: You're right about Mali, and it looks Bamana. True old age is hard to determine because African carvers are so good at artificially aging their pieces. More about this on item #220 and a short article.

Q: It was claimed this mask came from Uruguay, but my Google search never confirmed that. It is 12" x 16" and made of light wood.  Monika, 11-02-11, 232
A: Not really a mask, this was designed to be an attractive piece of art for wall display. Though somewhat West African in style, it does not attempt to fulfill any cultural purpose and could have been sold anywhere... even Montevideo.

	Q: I found some information on the back of the mask that says "nina tilem gallery mas Bali."  Adam, 11-03-11, 233
	A: I enjoyed seeing the pics of your three Balinese masks. They are handsome examples of the decorative wall-hangings sold in tourist shops. To see what true masks (made to be worn in the traditional dance dramas) look like, click on the link.

Q: It's hollow and sits on top of the head. There's a two inch square hole on the top that presumably held an additional carving. It seems to have some age.  Mike, 11-05-11, 234
A: It's from Nigeria, maybe Ibo. I think it's a real mask made for traditional ceremony, a good example of what tribal people are creating these days. Most of what's for sale are reproductions of older  masks found in museums and books. You've got a good eye!

	Q: I bought this wooden mask many years ago and never have found out it's origin. It has a moveable jaw. Jennifer, 11-06-11
	A: Monkeys are important characters in the traditional dance dramas of Bali where they delight the audience during comic interludes displaying mime and acrobatics accompanied by gamelan music.

Q:  I have had no luck in identification. Inside is paper mache and outside is very detailed.  Ed, 11-08-11, 236
A: Khon masks are worn in the performance of traditional dance in Thailand. I think this one is very nice, especially if it's large enough to be worn. Click on the link to learn more.

	Q: The owner of the estate was a world traveler but we have no idea where this came from. Danielle, 11-14-11, 237
	A: It looks more like a Mexican devil that anything else I can think of. Not typical of the genre. Real goat horns, a nice grass mustache, and the greatest little earrings I've ever seen on a mask. No paint usually means made for tourists.

Q: Are you familiar with this type of mask? (A certificate of authenticity was attached.)  Sheila, 11-14-11, 238
A: Your certificate says it's a mask of St. Joseph from Zacatecas, Mexico, and I'll agree since it comes from a very reputable shop. The most popular dance in the state (close to Jalisco) is the Tastones in which St. James is killed by the Indians who wear wild looking masks not like this. So I can only say it's a beautiful piece which you should be proud to own. Maybe someone else knows more?

	Q: My husband was collecting masks. Now we moved to an apartment and there is no room. Any ideas?  Gisa, 11-15-11, 239
	A: Your husband found some wonderful folk masks from rural Switzerland that are desirerable to collectors. Called "Chrottni" this one was carved by Peter Cavelti from Flums in the canton of St Gallen about 35 years ago, but was sold to a collector instead of being used in the local celebration. Very nice mask in excellent condition!

"The amazing masked carnival of Binche in Belgium involves most of the male inhabitants of the town spending the day marching through its streets in fantastical 'Gilles' outfits. For the early morning march, the men all wear identical waxy masks creating a strangely spooky effect. I was given one such mask by a participant after he had worn it in the celebration. Normally they are not given or sold to strangers. So I have kept it with me ever since."  11-15-11, 240

	Q: When I got this years ago the owner seemed to put great value on it and said that it was an authentic tribal mask. Frank, 11-18-11, 241
	A: It's a large tribal mask made of bark cloth and some wooden pieces that fits over the head. That big nose is wood. Probably from the Amazon region, perhaps the Ticuna Indians in NW Brazil.

Q:  I have a mask similiar to the Bali masks on your site. Am I right? Fern, 11-21-11, 242
A: Yes. It might be Patih Manis rather than Patih Keras (more info). Yours is good quality and much better than what we normally see. The one on the link is even of better quality. Check it out.

	Q: We were told this Mexican mask was from about 1900. What do you think?  Maria, 11-22-11, 243
	A: Could be that old, but unlikely. They've been making pounded sheet-metal masks in the mining towns of NE Guerrero, not for celebrations but to sell to tourists, for many years. They sometimes call them Rain Maker Masks.

Q: I was told this mask was purchased in Spain in 1926, but it looks a bit like a Guatemalan.  John, 11-25-11, 244
A: A specialist I know told me it was a Moor from San Antonio Aguas Calientes, a small town famous for its weavers and just a few miles from Antigua. The masks there tend to be larger with widespread eyes like this one. More on Guatemalan masks.

	Q: The closest match we can find is this Dan mask on Africadirect.com. It's a large mask at 15" tall. Should we get it appraised?  Enid, 11-26-11, 245
	A: Your research was good. The problem with this mask is one can't tell for sure if it's Dan, Grebo, We, Bete or some other tribe in the Liberia/Ivory Coast area... or if that roughly-carved, old look was the result of tribal usage. More on African masks.

Q: We have been visiting the Yucatan for many years now and we have a small collection of masks. Where does this one come from and how old is it?  Rob, 11-26-11, 246
A: Typical Mexican tourist masks like this one often come from the state of Guererro. They are usually antiqued to make them look old. Click on Mexican Masks to see both authentic dance masks and tourist masks ("decoratives" at the very end).

	Q: I would like some help identifying where this mask is from and what the value might be. Thanks. Dave, 11-27-11-247
	A: This is a popular tourist mask from Bali. Wood carving is an old and respected tradition there, so even the low-end pieces are very decorative. Learn more about Balinese masks here.

Q:  Heavy at 5.4 lbs, there are no markings of any sort on the rear. It has been a mystery to me for some time. Senterre, 11-27, 248
A: You own a lovely piece of modern art. Though inspired by West African traditional masks, it is a wood sculpture that could have been carved there, the Caribbean or somewhere in Asia.

	Q: I have an old mask that I was told was collected in Indonesia many years ago. It is 20" long.  Alice, 12-3-11, 249
	A: It's a large Barong-type mask, one of the protective animal spirits of villages. The boar mask is the one we see most often. There's more about this Balinese mask here.

Q:  I plan on doing a little research, but wanted to ask if something like this would be worth much to a collector?  David, 12-3-11, 250
A: This is a white Mahakala from the Himalayas. Scroll up to #154 to see a black one. Many are made for tourists or for export. They are one of eight protector deities in Tibetan Buddhism.

	Q: I think the mask is from Bali. Do you have more info?  Jason
	A: The one-eyed witch is called Leyak Mata Besik. She is associated with the practice of black magic in Bali. Tourists love this character so much that thousands are replicated every year for sale and export. If it has an attached leather skull cap it may have been meant for use.

Q: The white covering looks like plaster on the top that's painted a face. Straw wrapped around the face. Size: 9 1/2" x 11"  Erma, 252
A: Amazon basin, South America. I'm unsure exactly what Indian tribe. The materials are all natural. Many of the indigenous people in these remote areas are loosing their cultural identity. See So American for info on other similar Amazon masks.

	Q: I have a small collection of Mexican masks which I bought about 25 years ago from a guy who traveled in Mexico. He claimed they were authentic, not made for the tourist trade. Gordon, 12-08,11   253
	A: Your seller was wrong-- all of them are tourist masks. I think this one is especially attractive. See Decoratives at the bottom of the Mexico page for more.

A customer was kind enough to show this to me. 12-08-11  254
A: Nice example of an early 20th century Chinese Nuo mask. This monkey spirit is from Southwestern China, mostly likely Guangxi or Guizhou Province. It is used in local opera ceremonial activities. More info on Nuo masks and Nuo theater history on this link.

	Q: We found this in the woods about 3 weeks ago. It was inside a cooler with a sheet, a candlestick, bug spray,  fire-starting gel, and an unlabeled soda bottle of dark liquid.  Ron & Sheri, 12-13-11  255
	A: This is a cheap tourist mask from West Africa... with possibly a great back story about its usage in the USA. What was in the bottle?

	Q: This was purchased in Puerta Vallarta about 15 years ago. But I don't believe it is from that area. It is approximately 24 inches tall. What can you tell me?  Pete, 12-14-11   256
	A: Your beautiful jaguar mask is too big to be danced and was made for the tourist trade. Where is hard to tell because it doesn't follow any village style I'm aware off. This colorful piece will get a lot of attention on the wall.

Q: Please check out this carved wooden mask we think is from Asia.  Rebecca, 12-15-12-15-11  257
A: Crudely-carved, simple face masks, darkened by cooking fires are common to several cultures in Nepal, SE Asia, Timor, etc. They're used for shamanistic rituals. It's a shame you don't have more information because it appears to be authentic and old.

	Q: I recently started shopping for masks from Bali. Is this mask worth the asking price of $130?  Kelly, 12-18-11  258
	A: Rangdas are always spectacular examples of Balinese dance-drama masks. The carved wooden face is above average in quality and has been artificially aged. For comparison, here is a Rangda of higher quality that is new. Yours is well worth the price.

Q: The mask shown was given to me over 50 years ago as a Southwest Indian artifact. Recently however, I've been told that it is from the Pacific islands.  Jane, 12-19-11  259
A: It is a very unusual mask. The only place I am comfortable with is Northern Michoacan, Mexico. That is where the Tarascan Indians live. The eyes, paint and teeth are all right for the culture, though I've never seen this peculiar character.

	Q: Just came across a very cool, maybe very old masks. I did some research but can't find where it's from.  Jacob, 12-25-11, 260
	A: It is like a bird mask from the Dan people of Liberia, West Africa. But it certainly can't be worn on the face for lack of room and eye holes. It has been quickly carved, so even if this design has some functionality, I suspect this piece was designed for the tourist market, and made recently.

Q: I purchased this 20 years ago. Where is it from, are the teeth human, is that a fish bone coming out of the head?  Angela, 12-26-11
A: I think this is a Tantric Buddhist turtle shell mask (Kapala) from the Himalayas. Could be much older than 20 years. Follow the link to see what they look like today. The teeth are probably human. Frankly, I'm puzzled by that strange "fish bone."

	Q: It is made of wood, sheep skin, real horns, and is 16" high. I would guess it's Eastern European, possibly a Kukeri mask from Bulgaria.  Ian, 12-31-11, 262
	A: You may be right, however I'm guessing it's a Buso mask from neighboring Hungary. The Croatians in those areas, as well as other ethnic groups, wear these scary masks for New Year celebrations. You sent this pic in on the perfect day! Thank you.

Q: I know that this mask was purchased from the Njana Tilem Gallery in Mas, Bali. The back side is flat.  Steve, 1-3-12, 263
A: Mas is one of the carving centers of Bali, which is arguably the wood carving center of the world. In addition to traditional Balinese dance masks, they produce beautiful masks in the styles of many other cultures. This one is sort of Thai in appearance and is only meant for hanging on the wall. It is a decorative accessory, not a mask.

	Q: My father received this mask from Sam Agnasgge in Point Lay, Alaska, while Dad was working on the DEW line in 1957.  264
	A: It is an Inuit shaman's mask carved out of whalebone. From the other photos you sent I can tell it is well carved. There are also some nice details. But the most important thing is the provenance. Collectors of Native American material will like this piece.

Q: This came from Mexico or Peru from about 1960-1980. It seems to be quite old.  Bill, 1-09-12, 265
A: I would say it's from Mexico and that it is maybe 50 years old. Can't be sure of character or exact location. If a wooden mask is used a lot by Mexican villagers it can age in just a few years. Lovely patina... truly a collectible piece!

	Q: This nice little mask seems similar to the coconut masks made by Nahua Indians in Guerrero, Mexico, but it's less brightly colored, more detailed, and appears older. Kay, 1-10-12, 266
	A: I think you've got it right. These coconut masks have been popular tourist items all along the SW coast of Mexico, not just Guerrero, for many years. Some of the oceanic cultures make them as well. In Puerto Rico they use the larger husk for masks.

Q: Received this in a trade. It stands about 8-10 inches high, and is carved from solid wood. Some information would be greatly appreciated!  Chris, 1-12-12, 267
A: Probably a village dance mask from somewhere in rural Bali or Java. The dark-stained rear suggests that it was intended for sale.

	Q: Do you recognize this mask I found in a Garland, TX, thrift shop recently?  Margaret, 1-12-12, 268
	A: Not really. Animal masks carved like this show up in a number of different cultures. I'm going to vote for Mexico in this case because of its proximity to Texas. That handsome patina might be artificial.

Q: This wood mask is 27" in height and partially clad in sheet metal. What do you think it is?  Sonny, 1-12-12, 269
A: A very decorative piece for the wall, this is a nice blend of Marka and Bambara design traditions that obviously comes from Mali. A mask like this is intended for export or sale to tourists.

	Q: I bought this mask on a trip to Conakry, Guinea in 1999 at a downtown market.  Katherine, 1-13-12, 270
	A: There are several ethnic groups with different traditions in the art of carving in Guinea. Your mask is so primitive that I can't see a resemblance to any regional culture. Let's just call it a simple, home-made mask from Guinea, West Africa.

Q: What is an art mask?  1-13-12, 271
A: Instead of honoring a certain cultural tradition for masquerade (wearing), art doesn't have to follow any rules.  This mask is a creative object meant for display, much like a painting or sculpture. The weird little face was made by Canadian artist, Michael Barber. You can see more of his work at www.barberveri.com

	Q: My mask was found on a flood plain in CleElum, WA, along the Yakima River. I have taken it to several museums and all they can say is that it's old and from the Northwest. Dianna, 1-15-12, 272
	A: I doubt it's from any NWC culture, or old, or made out to cedar. My guess is that it's from Africa and aged in the elements to make it look old. The raffia was attached right before sale to add interest. There are lots of African masks in this country.

Q: We have had friends tell us that it look like a museum peace. Is it made of marble onyx or white jade?  William, 1-15-12, 273
A: Reproductions of preColumbian stone carvings have been sold at ruins and other places where tourists gather throughout Latin America for many years. Often they look like the museum pieces they are copied from. All kinds of local stones are used.

	Q: I purchased this masks at a local thrift store in Boise, Idaho. It is approximately 10 3/4 inches.  Nan, 1-17-12, 274
	A: A good guess would be Guro or Baule people from Ivory Coast. However, appealing little masks like this can come from workshops in other West African countries. If to be worn, it would be centered on the forehead, with the wearer looking through the mouth slit.

Q:  I haven't found any bronze masks from India that resemble this one. It is about 7 1/2" long. Any help would be appreciated.  Jackie, 1-18-12, 275
A: Lot's of people would call this a mask, but it's a sculpture made to be hung on the wall. Cast bronze is hardly ever worn on the face. Well, that's my excuse for saying I don't have a clue. It may be an artificially aged tourist souvenir... or a valuable piece of Asian art. It certainly is beautiful!

	Q: This mask was acquired in about 1968 from the Kalapalo people in the Northwest Amazon region. It represent a fish spirit in one of their ceremonies.  Lynne, 1-19-12, 277
	A: Thanks for sending it in along with the other pics of your small collection. This was my favorite. What a powerful design. The Amazon Indians also do amazing art with colored bird feathers and other natural materials.

Q: Here's a mask from the Flores Islands in Indonesia. It's 10.5" long and has a very good patina. Heavy wood. I don't know anything about its age. It was collected by my son-in-law on one of his buying trips some years ago.  Dennis, 1-19-12, 278
A: I've seen a few carvings by the Nage people of the Flores Islands, but never a mask. Comments anyone?

	Q: This caught my eye at the sale. The textiles appear to be hand loomed but the edges are machine stitched. Though presented as Native American, I don't think so. Hand carved out of wood, but some of the materials are contemporary.  Cathie, 1-19-12, 176
	A: It's West African and made for use, not tourists or runners. One of my colleagues thinks it's a Bamana marionette. They are large and worn by the puppeteers in Mali. Others think it may be from Nigeria or the Congo. Nobody mentioned N. America.

Q: These were hanging on the wall at my grandfathers house for the last 50-60 years. I would love any info about them.  Joe,1-19-12
A: What I love about this well made Javanese mask is that it's a veteran of many performances. That is has so much history is clear when you look at the wear and patina of the rear which developed before grandfather. The mask may go back to the 19th century.

	Q: There is a snake on the top of the head, looking forward, the nostrils have been carved out of the long nose, and it's 13 inches in height. There's a carver's mark on rear.  Jennie, 1-22-12, 280
	A: Cherokee Indian warrior masks often have a rattlesnake on the head. This was probably carved on a resevation in North Carolina. You should find out what "GIh SOAP" means and get the mask appraised by a specialist in Native American art.

Q: I bought this with several other masks that were part of a Hollywood collection.  Justin, 1-22-12, 281
A: Small devil masks from the Carnival of Oruro, Bolivia, are still used today. Unfortunately, this one lost an eye, but it is an authentic piece of Bolivian folk art. Click on the link for a similar mask.

	Q: The mask is 20 years old and was passed down to me without any info. It's about 19 in high and weighs 5 1/2 lbs., Derek, 1-23-12
	A: Nice example of a traditional Roitschaeggaetae mask from rural Switzerland. Click here for more information.

Q: Do you know where this mask was made and its approximate age? I can't remember how I acquired it.  Rich, 1-24-12, 283
A: Painted papier mache masks are inexpensive to make and therefore popular around the world. This is a mask wearing a mask. I like it, but can't tell where it's from or the age. Sorry.

	Q: I wasn't worried about provenance or authenticity when I bought this African mask. I just liked the way it looked.  Peter, 1-24-12
	A: Some of the more handsome West African masks are styled after the Baule or Guro designs of Ivory Coast. Made to be sold, you can get them for a good price if you bargain properly. More info.

Q: I have not seen many goiter masks in my years of working in Guatemala. You may share this with your readers.  Jon, 1-24-12  285
A: The Goiter Dance is closely connected to the Patzcar, an ancient ritual that is often used for healing. This one shows a huge goiter on the neck, but they can be on the chin or forehead. It's meant to characterize deformity and sickness in general. Mid 20th century.

	Q: I have done some research and thought it might be a Balinese clown since they are apparently often 'deformed.'  Melanie, 1-25-12
	A:  It's from a much different island-- Sri Lanka. A character called Hevaya used in the purely dramatic Kolam Natrina, he was a soldier of the King on his way back from the wars (hence the cuts on his face an broken teeth). Stopping by a pool to wash the blood off his face, he is attacked by leeches. At first I thought it was a deformity mask.

Q: It is made of wood and has holes around the bottom. At first I thought Indonesia, or even northwest America, but the geckos throw that conjecture off.  Susan, 1-25-12, 287
A: I would guess it's from somewhere in West Africa where helmet masks with attachment holes for raffia skirts are used. Those little lizards and other symbols should allow an African Art specialist to tell you exactly where it is from. I don't have a clue!  More pics here.

	Q: Hope the pig/dog is something good. I thought it was really neat and looks old. 8" long.  Sue, 1-25-12, 288
	A: It represents an animal spirit from someplace in West Africa. I also think it is neat, and probably old and used. Send those excellent pics to an African art dealer for an expert's opinion. You can find them on Google. More pics.

Q: I believe this may possibly be a Guatemalan-made Spanish Colonial theater mask. It is 9" long.  Kathleen, 1-25-12, 289
A: To appease the Catholic Church this kind of mask is called San Simon, but the Mayan name is Maximon. Actually it functions as the head of a figure that is placed on an alter in a meeting house. It doesn't need eye holes but the mouth is open to receive offerings of liquor or tobacco.

	Q:  I couldn't pass up this Mexican mask. I think it is a red moor but also fear it may be a tourist mask. Its fairly big and lopsided. Made of light wood. Matt, 1-29-12, 290
	A: If it's a decorative (tourist) mask from Guerrero, they certainly worked hard to age it properly. It looks like a very nice piece of Mexican folk art. And how bout that big jaw and little forehead!

Q: I have this mask from Cameroon made with ormalu on a turtle shell. Can you help with age and value. Cristhian, 2-2-12, 291
A: The workmanship is fabulous. Fine gilded bronze applied to any kind of mask is very rare. Ghana, Benin and Nigeria (west of Cameroon) have traditions of lost-wax casting, but Cameroon is famous for its excellent workshops that reproduce all kinds of African traditional art and some modern art. Hard to say what this is.

	Q:  My mother was in school in Mexico during the 1930's when she bought this mask from Uruapan, Michoacan. Lacquered, not painted. Some signs of usage long ago.  Sue, 2-2-12, 292
	A: Mexican mask collectors will immediately think of Victoriano Salgado M. who is the most famous carver from Uruapan. This might be one of his earliest masks. More likely its by one of his mentors. Either way, it's quite desirable.

Q: I am thinking about buying this colorful mask and curious if you think it is African.  Sue, 2-2-12, 293
A: It is Guro or Baule from the Ivory Coast of West Africa. I like it a lot because it's recently made for actual use-- not something for the tourist trade. New, brightly colored masks are not popular with collectors.

	Q: Bought it real cheap. I don’t have a CLUE where it would be from or what kind of animal it is.  Sue, 2-2-12, 294
	A: It's probably Guatemalan, but the 3 holes way at the top don't make sense. Ask someone who specializes in Guatemalan material. If they say no, it's going to be a difficult call. Doesn't look touristy.

This comes from Andrew Turley, a young collector of African masks. Check out his excellent site-- http://www.suagacollection.com/
A: It is a Bozo Sogo Kun mask from Segou, Mali. Possibly used in combined masquerades and puppet plays/entertainments put on by young men's age-grade associations (kamalen-ton)... read more.

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